The Economic Benefits of Canada’s Public Health Care System

June 2025

Open letter from economists, health policy experts, and experts in related disciplines

Canadians are rightly proud of our “medicare” system. The ideal of universal access to high quality health care on the basis of need, not ability to pay, is a defining national value. Canadians understand this value and overwhelmingly support it. Less understood, however, are the economic benefits that Canada enjoys as a result of universal public health care. 

Given global economic uncertainties and trade pressures, particularly arising from the U.S., it is more important than ever to understand the economic value of sound public health care policies in Canada. Medicare is not just a cost item on government budgets. It is also a pillar of Canada’s economy, an engine of innovation, and a critical source of decent employment. Those economic benefits, of course, are complementary to the fundamental goal: improving the health of Canadians.

Canada’s economy is enhanced by universal public health care in many ways:

  • Employment and economic growth: Health care is one of Canada’s largest and most dynamic industries. Approximately 3 million Canadians work in the broad health care sector, earning an average of over $50,000 per year. The sector created 500,000 jobs in the last decade—more than almost any other industry (including construction, manufacturing, or natural resources)—and adds over $200 billion per year to Canada’s GDP, with real output growing 50% faster than the overall economy.
  • Supply chains and indirect jobs: The health care system relies on and supports a supply chain consisting of hundreds of input industries: from materials and equipment to construction and specialized services. Meanwhile, household spending by Canada’s 3 million health sector workers supports hundreds of thousands of downstream jobs in consumer goods and services.
  • Innovation and research: Health care is a driver of innovation. Over $7 billion per year is invested in health research and development in Canada, making it one of the most innovation-intensive sectors in the economy. This research pushes the frontier of knowledge in many fields, and underpins successful commercialization of procedures, medicines, and medical equipment. 
  • Labour market advantages: Universal, public health coverage is an economic advantage for employers and workers. Canada’s medicare system ensures access to care that improves the health and productivity of all Canadian workers. It keeps employer health costs well below those in the U.S., which can exceed C$25,000 per worker per year. It also ensures Canadian workers are free to move to new jobs in line with their skills and interests, instead of being tied to an existing job to maintain health coverage.
  • Fiscal savings: Universal, public health generates administrative efficiencies and enhances purchasing power for procuring health technologies. The administration costs of Canada’s medicare system are 80% lower per person than in the mostly-private U.S. system. Health technologies also cost less in Canada. As a result of these efficiencies, Canada spends 6% of GDP less on health care than the U.S., which is equivalent to an annual saving of $180 billion. Yet, Canada’s system delivers superior outcomes by many indicators, including longevity, infant mortality, and infectious disease.
  • Social equality and inclusion: When health care is provided irrespective of income, all segments of society can access this essential service. This contributes to greater life chances, and less disfunction and polarization across society. Economists call this ‘social capital’: the economic benefits of inclusion, trust, and cohesion. Quality universal health care is vital for building social capital and reducing inequality.

Of course, Canada’s health care system is far from perfect. The ideals of universal accessibility have been damaged by chronic underfunding and short-staffing, unacceptable waiting times for some services, and systemic inequalities (especially for Indigenous communities and new Canadians). The system can be improved – and made more affordable – through better coordination and coverage of essential health services, like home care, mental health care, and pharmaceutical care. These problems need to be solved, and quickly, to preserve public trust in the principles of public care.

Urgently addressing these challenges, and fulfilling the long-standing vision of quality universal health care, should be a top priority for governments at all levels. This will build a better society, and a stronger economy. As we confront unprecedented challenges to our economic sovereignty, strengthening this powerful engine of growth and well-being should play a central role in Canada’s coming economic reorientation. As economists and health policy experts, we affirm our support for continued and expanded public health funding, and reforms to improve quality and coverage, in order to maximize the economic and human benefits of universal public health care.

Sources:

Employment: Statistics Canada Table 14-10-0022-01; CIHI, Health Workforce in Canada.

Earnings: Statistics Canada Table 36-10-0205-01.

GDP: Statistics Canada Tables 36-10-0401-01 and 36-10-0434-03.

Innovation Investment: CIHI, National Health Expenditure Trends, 2024, Table A.3.1.1. 

U.S. Private Health Insurance Costs: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Medical care premiums in the United States, March 2023,” https://www.bls.gov/ebs/factsheets/medical-care-premiums-in-the-united-states.htm; 2024 Employer Health Benefits Survey, https://www.kff.org/health-costs/report/2024-employer-health-benefits-survey/

Health Administration Costs: David Himmelstein, Terry Campbell, and Steffie Woolhandler, “Health Care Administrative Costs in the United States and Canada, 2017,” Annals of Internal Medicine 172(2):134-142 (2020); Michael Mueller, Luc Hagenaars, and David Morgan, “Administrative spending in OECD health care systems: Where is the fat and can it be trimmed?,” in Tackling Wasteful Spending on Health (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2017).

GDP Shares: Petersen-KFF Health System Tracker, “How does health spending in the U.S. compare to other countries?” https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/health-spending-u-s-compare-countries/

Letter Co-Sponsors

Gagnon, Marc-André, Full Professor, School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University

Lafontaine, Alika, Anesthesiologist, Grande Prairie Regional Hospital; Past President (2022-2023), Canadian Medical Association

Martin, Danielle, Family Physician and Professor, Women’s College Hospital; University of Toronto

Morgan, Steve, Professor, University of British Columbia

Stanford, Jim, Economist and Director, Centre for Future Work

Letter Signatories

Abramson, Zelda, Professor Emerita, Sociology, Acadia University

Afridi, Sajida, Public Health Preventive Medicine Specialist, Queen’s University

Alary, Michel, Professeur émérite, Université Laval

Alessi-Severini, Silvia, Professor, University of Manitoba

Anderson, Kelly, Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Public Mental Health, Associate Professor – Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University

Anderson, John, Senior Researcher, Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada

Armstrong, Hugh, Professor Emeritus, Carleton University

Armstrong, Catherine Deri, Associate Professor, Economics, uOttawa, University of Ottawa

Armstrong, Pat, Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus, York University

Ashcroft, Rachelle, Associate Professor, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto

Baines, Donna, Professor and Former Director, School of Social Work, UBC

Ballantyne, Peri J., Professor, Department of Sociology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON

Banerjee, Albert, NB Research Chair and Associate Professor, St. Thomas University

Bansback, Nick, Professor, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia

Bartlett, Karen, Professor, University of British Columbia

Batt, Sharon, Adjunct Professor, Department of Bioethics, Dalhousie University

Baylis, Françoise, Distinguished Research Professor, Emerita , Dalhousie University

Baylis, Frank, Executive Chairman, Baylis Medical Technologies

Bechard, Melanie, Physician & Chair, Canadian Doctors for Medicare

Benoit, Cecilia, Scientist & Professor Emertia, University of Victoria

Bienefeld, Manfred, Professor Emeritus, Carleton University

Birn, Anne-Emanuelle, Professor, Global Development Studies and Global Health, University of Toronto

Bjerre, Lise M., Associate Professor; Chair in Family Medicine, University of Ottawa and Institut du savoir Montfort

Black, Charlyn, Professor, University of British Columbia

Black, Simon, Associate Professor, Brock University

Blais, Régis, Professeur titulaire , École de santé publique de l’Université de Montréal

Bornstein, Stephen, Honorary Research Professor, Memorial University

Bourgeault, Ivy Lyn, University Research Chair in Gender, Diversity and the Professions, University of Ottawa

Braedley, Susan, Professor, School of Social Work and Institute of Political Economy, Carleton University

Brassard, Paul, Professor of Medicine, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre

Bryan, Stirling, Professor, UBC

Bryant, Toba, Associate Professor, Ontario Tech University

Bueckert, Lynn, Secretary Business Manager, Hospital Employees’ Union

Calvert, John, Associate Professor (retired), Health Sciences Faculty, Simon Fraser University

Cameron, Angela, Associate Prof., Univesrity of Ottawa Faculty of Law

Cameron (Mosnyk), Debra, Retired, University of Toronto

Campbell, David, Associate Professor, University of Calgary

Canfield, Carolyn, Citizen-patient and Adjunct Professor , Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia

Card, Kiffer G., Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University

Carlsten, Chris, Professor, University of British Columbia, Legacy for Airway Health

Cattapan, Alana, Assistant Professor and Canada Research Chair in the Politics of Reproduction, Department of Political Science, University of Waterloo, University of Waterloo

Caulfield, Timothy, Professor, University of Alberta

Chan, Anthony Kam Chuen, Professor of Paediatrics, McMaster University

Chandran, Vinod, Assoc Professor, University of Toronto

Chappell, Neena Lane, Professor emeritus, University of Victoria

Chen, Y.Y. Brandon, Associate Professor, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law

Chernomas, Robert, Professor of Economics, University of Manitoba

Choksi, Shernaz, Retired Lecturer, Vanier College, Montreal

Cochrane, DT, Senior Economist, Canadian Labour Congress

Cohen, Marjorie Griffin, Economist and Professor Emeritus, Simon Fraser University and careconomy.ca

Colman, Ian, Professor, University of Ottawa

Contandriopoulos, Andre-Pierre, Professeur émérite, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal

Cox, Susan, Professor, Chair in Biomedical Ethics, University of British Columbia

Culpeper, Roy, Economist, Past Chair, Group of 78

Darcy, Judy, Former Minister, Mental Health and Addictions, B.C.

Darling, Liz, Professor, McMaster University

Das, Anupam, Professor of Economics, Mount Royal University

Dasgupta, Kaberi, Professor of Medicine, McGill University; Physician at McGill University Health Centre, See title

Daw, Jamie, Assistant Professor, Columbia University

Devereaux, P.J., Professor, McMaster University

DeVillaer, Michael, Faculty, McMaster University

DiCenso, Alba, Professor Emerita, Nursing and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University

Dolkar, Lhamo, Nurse Practitioner and President of RNAO, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario

Dolovich, Lisa, Professor and Dean, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto

Doucet, Robyn, Associate Professor and Medical Director, Education – Anaesthesiology, Dalhousie University

Downie, Jocelyn, Professor Emeritus, Faculties of Law and Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie University

Dowson, Anne Lagacé, Director of Communications, Canadian Health Coalition

Druetz, Thomas, Associate Professor, University of Montreal School of Public Health

Dyck, Erika, Professor of Medical History and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan

El Morr, Christo, Professor, York University

Fafard, Patrick, Full Professor, Social Sciences & Medicine, University of Ottawa

Fatovich, Daniel, Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Western Australia

Ferron-Parayre, Audrey, Professeure agrégée, Section de droit civil, Faculté de droit, Université d’Ottawa

Fierlbeck, Katherine, Professor, Dalhousie University

Flicker, Sarah, Professor & York Research Chair, York University

Frankel, Sid, Senior Scholar, Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba

Frankel, Harvy, Dean Emeritus, Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba

Fuller, Colleen, Researcher/writer, Independent Voices for Safe & Effective Drugs

Furlini, Linda, Researcher/Research Ethics Advisor (retired), IVSED (Independent Voices for Safe and Effective Medicines and Handicap Vie Dignité (President)

Gabet, Morgane, Assistant Professor, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal

Gafni, Amiram, Professor, CHEPA and Dept of HEI

Gallaway, Chris, Executive Director, Friends of Medicare

Gastaldo, Denise, Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto

Gautier, Lara, Associate Professor, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal

Geobey, Sean, Associate Professor, School of Environment Enterprise and Development (SEED), University of Waterloo

Goldenberg, Maya, Professor, University of Guelph

Grace, Daniel, Associate Professor, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto

Graham, Janice E. , Professor, Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Dalhousie University

Grépin, Karen Ann, Associate Professor, The University of Hong Kong

Greyson, Devon, Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia

Grimshaw, Jeremy, Senior Scientist Emeritus and Emeritus Professor, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa

Grinspun, Doris, CEO, Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO), Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO)

Gruben, Vanessa, Professor, Faculty of Law

Gruneir, Andrea, Associate Professor, University of Alberta

Guard, Julie, Professor, University of Manitoba

Guhn, Martin, Associate Professor, University of British Columbia

Guindon, Godefroy Emmanuel, Associate Professor, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University

Guyatt, Gordon, Distinguished University Professor, McMaster University

Haines, Ted, Associate Professor, McMaster

Hajer, Jesse, Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Labour Studies Program, University of Manitoba

Hankins, Catherine A., Professor (adjunct), McGill School of Population and Global Health

Hanley, Jill, Full Professor, School of Social Work, McGill University

Hannan, Jason, Professor, University of Winnipeg

Hanning, Rhona, Distinguished Professor Emerita, University of Waterloo

Harding, Robert, Professor Emeritus, University of the Fraser Valley

Hayes, Matthew, Professor of Sociology and Canada Research Chair in Global and Transnational Studies, St. Thomas University

Hedden, Lindsay, Assistant Professor, Simon Fraser University

Herder, Matthew, Professor, Health Justice Institute, Dalhousie University

High, Steven, Professor of History, Concordia University

Hippman, Catriona, Postdoctoral Research Fellow; Adjunct Professor, Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia

Hoffman, Jerome, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, UCLA

Holbrook, Anne M., Director, Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, McMaster University

Hudson, Ian, Professor, Department of Economics, University of Manitoba

Hudson, Mark, Professor, University of Manitoba

Indart, Gustavo, Professor Emeritus, Department of Economics, University of Toronto

Irvine, James, Professor Emeritus, University of Saskatchewan

Jackman, Martha, Professor emerita, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa

Jackson, Andrew, Adjunct Research Professor, Institute of Political Economy, Carleton university

Janes, Craig R., Professor Emeritus, University of Waterloo & Simon Fraser University

Jarvi, Kim, Health Economist, Independent

Jenstad, Lorienne, Associate Professor, University of British Columbia

Jimenez, Vania, MDCM, Associate Professor, McGill University

John-Baptiste, Ava, Associate Professor, Western University

Johri, Mira, Professor, University of Montreal

Judd, Ellen R., Distinguished Professor Emerita, University of Manitoba

Juzwishin, Donald W.M., Adjunct Professor, University of Victoria

Kates, Nick, Professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, McMaster University

Katz, Alan, Professor, University of Manitoba

Kellway, Matthew, Director, Nursing and Health Policy, Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario

Kendall, Claire, Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa

Kimber, Melissa, Associate Professor, Chedoke Health Chair in Psychiatry, McMaster University

Kimpson, Sally A., Adjunct Professor, School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria BC

Klein, Michael, Emeritus Professor Family Practice & Pediatrics University of British Columbia, Senior Scientist Emeritus BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Adjunct Professor Family Medicine McGill Medical School

Kohler, Jillian, Professor, University of Toronto

Krautwurst, Udo, Professor, Dept. of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Prince Edward Island

Krawchenko, Tamara, Associate Professor, University of Victoria

Kruk, Edward, Associate Professor Emeritus, The University of British Columbia

Laher, Ismail, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia

Lang, Brenda, Lecturer & President, Mount Royal Faculty Association, Mount Royal University

Law, Susan, Associate Professor, IHPME, University of Toronto

Laxer, Gordon, Professor Emeritus of Political Economy University of Alberta, University of Alberta

Lazo-Langner, Alejandro, Professor of Medicine, Western University

LeBeau, Sue, President-Elect, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, RNAO

LeBlanc, John C., Associate Professor, Dept. of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University

Lee, Marc, Senior Economist, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives

Lewchuk, Wayne, Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Economics, McMaster University

Lexchin, Joel, Professor Emeritus, School of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health, York University

Lightman, Ernie, Economist and Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto

Linares, Anamary Maqueira, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Manitoba

Lipnowski, Irwin, Associate Professor, University of Manitoba

Macdonald, David, Senior Economist, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives

Mackenzie, Hugh, Economist – Research Associate, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives

MacLellan, Keith, Co-founder and Past-president, Society of Rural Physicians of Canada

Malhotra, Ravi, Full Professor of Law, University of Ottawa

Mamdani, Muhammad, Vice President – Data Science and Advanced Analytics, Unity Health Toronto

Manca, Donna Patricia, Professor emeritus, Director NAPCReN, University of Alberta

Marchildon, Gregory P., Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto

Marrie, Ruth Ann, Professor of Medicine, Dalhousie University

Martin, Isabelle, Professeure agrégée, Université de Montréal

Mathews, Maria, Professor and Canada Research Chair in Primary Health Care and Health Equity , Western University

Matthews, J.Scott, Professor and Department Head, Political Science, Memorial University

McBride, Stephen, Professor, McMaster University

McCarthy, Lisa, Associate Professor, University of Toronto

McDonald, David, Professor, Global Development Studies, Queen’s University

McFarland, Joan, Retired, St. Thomas University

McGibbon, Elizabeth, Professor, St. Francis Xavier University

McGloin, Rumi, Hospital Pharmacy Director, Lower Mainland Pharmacy Services – Fraser Health Authority

McGrane, David, Professor of Political Studies, University of Saskatchewan

McIntyre, Sheila, (Retired) Professor of Constitutional and Human Rights Law, University of Ottawa faculty of Law

McIntyre, Lynn, Professor Emerita of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary

McKenzie, Cameron, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Work, Wilfrid Laurier University

McLaren, Lindsay, Professor, Dept Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary; Senior Editor, Canadian Journal of Public Health, University of Calgary

McLauchlin, Lynn, Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, McGill University

McLeod, Logan, Associate Professor, Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University

McLeod-Kilmurray, Heather, Professor, University of Ottawa Faculty of Law, CELGS

Mehrabadi, Azar, Assistant Professor, Dalhousie University

Mendelson, Michael, Maytree Fellow, Maytree

Metge, Colleen J., Associate Professor, University of Manitoba

Mintzes, Barbara, Professor of Evidence-Based Pharmaceutical Policy, School of Pharmacy and Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney

Misfeldt, Renee, Healthcare Consultant

Moher, David, Professor, University of Ottawa

Moody, Elaine, Assistant Professor, Dalhousie University

Morbia, Rita, Co-Manager (Health), Inter Pares

Morris, Jonathan (Jonny), Chief Executive Officer, Canadian Mental Health Association BC Division

Moscovitch, Allan, Professor Emeritus, Carleton University

Mulvale, Gillian, Professor, Health Policy and Management, McMaster University

Muñoz, Juan E., Retired Associate Professor, McMaster University

Mykhalovskiy, Eric, Professor, York University

Ndubuka, Nnamdi, Associate Professor, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan

Neis, Barbara, Professor Emerita and John Lewis Paton Distinguished Professor, Memorial University

Niquette, Manon, Full professor, Département d’information et de communication, Université Laval

Nosyk, Bohdan, Professor, St. Paul’s Hospital CANFAR Chair in HIV/AIDS Research, Simon Fraser University

Orsini, Michael, Professor, Feminist and Gender Studies | Political Studies, University of Ottawa

Otte, Jessica, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UBC

Oviedo-Joekes, Eugenia, Professor, University of British Columbia

Palmer, Karen S., Adjunct Professor, Simon Fraser University, University of Toronto

Papoushek, Christine, Pharmacist, Primary Care, University Health Network – TWH Family Health Team

Pate, Kim, Senator, Senate Of Canada

Paulden, Mike, University of Alberta

Perry, Thomas L., Clinical Professor, University of British Columbia

Piérard, Emmanuelle, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University of Waterloo

Pierre-Marie, David, Professeur agrégé, Université de Montréal

Pinelli, Janet, Professor Emeritus, McMaster University (retired)

Poirier, Mathieu JP, Assistant Professor, York University

Powell, Tracy L., Associate Professor, Mount Royal University

Power, Elaine, Professor, School of Kinesiology & Health Studies, Queen’s University

Prentice, Susan, Duff Roblin Professor of Government, University of Manitoba

Rachlis, Michael, Adjunct Professor, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto

Rail, Genevieve, Distinguished Professor Emerita, Concordia University

Raza, Danyaal, Family Physician and Assistant Professor, University of Toronto

Riches, Graham, Professor Emeritus of Social Work, University of British Columbia

Rodgers, Sanda, Professor Emerita, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa

Roos, Noralou P., Professor Emerita, University of Manitoba

Round, Jeff, Professor of Health Economics, University of Alberta, University of Alberta

Ruth, Chelsea A., Neonatologist, Associate Professor, University of Manitoba

Sader, Henri, PhD (Economics), Retired Economist, Former Researcher and Educator

Sanders, Justin, Kappy and Eric M. Flanders Chair of Palliative Care, McGill University

Saulnier, Marcel, Associate, Santis Health

Seccareccia, Mario, Professor Emeritus, Economics Department, University of Ottawa

Sepehri, Ardeshir, Professor, University of Manitoba

Serieux, John, Professor of Economics, University of Manitoba

Shah, Chandrakant, Professor Emeritus, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto

Shankardass, Ketan, Assoc. Professor, Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Wilfrid Laurier University

Sharpe, Andrew, Executive Director Emeritus, Centre for the Study of Living Standards

Sheehy, Elizabeth, Professor Emerita, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Law

Sheikh, Hasan, Physician and Assistant Professor, University of Toronto Department of Family and Community Medicine

Sheps, Sam, Professor Emeritus, UBC School of Population and Public Health

Shroff, Farah, Founder and Lead, Health Together

Siemieniuk, Reed, Staff Physician, William Osler Health System

Silas, Linda, President, Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions

Sirois, Caroline, Professeure titulaire, Université Laval

Sismondo, Sergio, Professor, Queen’s University

Sourial, Nadia, Assistant professor, University of Montreal

Staples, Steven, National Director of Policy and Advocacy, The Canadian Health Coalition

Stapleton, John, Principal, Open Policy

Strumpf, Erin, Professor, Department of Economics and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University

Sumner, Wayne, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto

Tairyan, Kate, Senior Lecturer, Simon Fraser University

Talbot, Denis, professor, Université Laval

Taylor, Marliss, Taylor, Boyle Street Service Society

Theriault, Luc J., Professor of Sociology, University of New Brunswick

Tholl., Bill, Associate Professor, McMaster University

Thompson, Alison, Associate Dean Academic Affairs, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto

Thorne, Sally, Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia School of Nursing

Tiessen, Kaylie, Unifor Research Department, Unifor

Tran, Dat, Senior Health Economist, Institute of Health Economics

Tremblay, Diane-Gabrielle, économiste et professeure titulaire, Université Téluq (Université du Québec)

Urbach, David R., Professor of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto

Vadeboncoeur, Alain, Clinical Professor and Emergency Physician, Montreal University

Van Aerde, John, Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics/Neonatology – Past President, Univesity of Alberta – Canadian Society of Physician Leaders

Veenstra, Gerry, Professor, University of British Columbia

Visano, Brenda Spotton, University Professor, York University

Weinberg, Merlinda, Dalhousie University

Whitehurst, David, Associate Professor, Simon Fraser University

Wiktorowicz, Mary, Professor and Director (Interim), Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, School of Health Policy and Management, York University

Wilson, Mike, Scientific Director, McMaster Health Forum and Associate Professor, Dept Health Evidence & Impact, McMaster University

Wilson, Brenda, Honorary Research Professor, Memorial University of Newfoundland

Wincott, J.Leigh, Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta

Woollard, Robert, Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia

Wright, James M., Professor Emeritus, University of BC

Xie, Edward, Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto

Yalnizyan, Armine, Economist and Atkinson Fellow on the Future of Workers, Atkinson Foundation

Yan, Miu Chung, Professor, University of British Columbia School of Social Work

Zhang, Vicki, Associate Professor, University of Toronto

Zinszer, Kate, Associate Professor, University of Montreal

Zuberi, Dan, Professor, University of Toronto

Zwarenstein, Merrick, Professor, Dept of Family Medicine, University of Western Ontario